Objectives:
Core
- Describe the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans, limited to large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply, and good ventilation with air
- Identify in diagrams and images the following parts of the breathing system: lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and associated capillaries
- Describe the differences in composition between inspired and expired air, limited to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor
Supplement
- Identify in diagrams and images the internal and external intercostal muscles
- State the function of cartilage in the trachea
- Explain the role of the ribs, the internal and external intercostal muscles, and the diaphragm in producing volume and pressure changes in the thorax leading to the ventilation of the lungs
- Explain the differences in composition between inspired and expired air
- Explain the link between physical activity and the rate and depth of breathing in terms of an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, which is detected by the brain, leading to an increased rate and greater depth of breathing
- Explain the role of goblet cells, mucus, and ciliated cells in protecting the breathing system from pathogens and particles
